Synovial chondromatosis of the temporomandibular joint is a disease which occurs rarely. A systematic review of the literature was carried out to identify its demographical, etiological, radiological, and clinical characteristics. A total of 191 case presentations were discovered. The mean age of patients was 47. The disease has been identified more frequently in women than in men. Apart from pre-auricular swelling, the most frequently reported clinical characteristics resembled those of temporomandibular disorders. Abnormalitieson radiographs were often evident. Insufficient evidence was found.