The maintenance costs for implant-retained overdentures are the subject of this study. A Pubmed Medline search was performed on the basis of the combination of the mesh terms ‘maintenance’, ‘implant’ and ‘overdenture’. Eventually 85 publications were identified that met the initial selection criteria. For a subsequent selection, maintenance had to be the primary outcome measure, an observation period of 5 year or more was required and it had to be possible to capitalise the maintenance costs. Four articles remained as a result of this filtering procedure, 2 of which came from Dutch institutes. The findings were reasonably consistent. The structural costs for maintenance of implant-retained overdentures during the first 10 years was estimated at 1.400 Euro. It is expected that an overdenture on implants in the mandible will be replaced after a mean period of 12 years. For both outcome measures considerable individual variance applies.