Beautiful teeth, visible when smiling, are in line with the present ideal of beauty. The display of teeth when smiling is determined by the smile line: the projection of the lower border of the upper lip on the maxillary teeth when smiling. On the basis of a literature search the determining methods of the smile line are discussed, demographic data of the position of the smile line are given, and factors of influence are examined. There is no unequivocal method for determining the position of the smile line. A rough distinction can be made between qualitative and (semi)-quantitative methods. The (semi)-quantitative methods have clear advantages for research purposes, but their reliability is unknown. It was demonstrated that among minimally 40% of subjects the maxillary gingiva was not visible when smiling. The mandibular gingiva was not visible when smiling among more than 90% of subjects. Furthermore, it appeared that among women the smile line was on average higher situated than among men and that it has not yet been proven that the smile line will be situated lower when growing older.

An 88 year-old man was hospitalized because of bullous pemphigoid of the skin with detectable autoantibodies against type XVII collagen. During his stay in the hospital, he developed easily bleeding hemorrhagic bullous lesions of the oral mucosa, which were thought to be an oral manifestation of bullous pemphigoid. A thorough blood examination showed acquired haemophilia A, related to the development of autoantibodies against factor VIII.

Intranasal teeth is a rare phenomenon. In order to understand it’s etiology access to high-quality case reports is necessary. Given that intranasal teeth often induce morbidity through obstruction, rhinorrhoe or nasal bleeding, more rapid and effective diagnosis and treatment are needed. This article presents two case reports and a review of the literature, revealing that different methods for the removal of intranasal teeth are available. A new method is removing the tooth using endoscopy. It was suggested that this method reduces the risk of comorbidity associated with more conventional removal methods.

Sarcoidosis is a chronic generalized benign granulomatous disorder of perhaps an autoimmune character which can afflict many organs. The insidious form prevails, a (sub)acute onset covers about one third of cases. In most patients the lungs are involved; tissue damage by granulomas and inflammatory cells causes a reduction of respiratory capacity, with dyspnoea as a result. Other often-affected organs are larger joints, skin and eyes. The diagnosis is based on the symptoms, thoracic x-ray and histology. In most cases prednisone is the drug of first choice. It is tantalizing to have to decide whether to treat or not. The decision is based on the severity of the process in vital organs.

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